Which of the following is NOT typically considered a direct cost in construction?

In construction cost estimation, direct costs typically include expenses that are directly tied to the construction project, such as materials, labor, and equipment rental. These costs can be directly attributed to the construction effort and are necessary to complete the project.

Indirect expenses, on the other hand, are costs that cannot be directly linked to a specific project or activity. These might include administrative overhead, utility costs, and other general expenses that support multiple projects or are not directly associated with a single construction job. Because of this distinction, indirect expenses do not fall under direct costs, making them the correct choice in this context.

Understanding the distinction between direct and indirect costs is crucial for accurate project budgeting and effective cost management in construction.